Thus, differences in fear behavior between mice of different genotypes could not be attributed to differences in primary auditory or pain perception.
While primary auditory processing occurs in the TTG, further perception of lower-frequency activity, such as phonology or intonation, has been shown to correlate with activity in the lateral temporal gyrus (Beaucousin et al., 2007; Wildgruber et al., 2005).
Particularly, the tone perception task activated the bilateral primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus, HG) extending to the superior temporal cortex especially in the left hemisphere, along with the superior part of the precentral sulcus (PrCS) at the border with the precentral gyrus (PrCG).
For example, the lateral Heschl's gyrus, a secondary region that is anterolateral to the primary auditory cortex, appears to be involved in the perception of pitch (Griffiths, 2003).
One could therefore postulate that the gamma oscillations, which are present in primary auditory cortex in tinnitus, are not related to the conscious perception of tinnitus, but only code the intensity of the perceived phantom sound.
Deactivation of the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) differentiates visual imagery from visual perception as shown by Amedi and colleagues [ 48].
Auditory perception and processing involve brain regions outside the song system, including the primary auditory thalamo-recipient Field L, and higher order auditory areas in the pallium, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) and caudal mesopallium (CM) [9] [19]; for reviews see [20], [21].
In summary, we have shown that long-term prior information in auditory perception may be stored in the sizes of primary auditory cortex frequency representations and be read out by non-selective increases in baseline activity.
Cochlear implants (CIs) allow the restoration of auditory perception through the direct electrical stimulation of the primary auditory neurons, located within the spiral ganglion of the cochlea.
An interesting lesion study shows that auditory attention strongly modulates non-primary auditory areas and can lead to perception of sound onset and offset, termed 'deaf-hearing', even with an absence of primary auditory areas [45].
The primary auditory cortex is sensitive to most sounds and is the first cortical region to be activated during speech perception [ 4].
