This suggests that determining and meeting the needs of primary carers requires approaches that seek to understand carers in terms of all of these contexts and relationships rather than simply as decontextualised individuals (Nomura et al. 2007).
This slogan is at odds with a primary prevention approach that has been endorsed by leading health bodies –and would include remediating existing lead in the environment and eliminating further environmental contamination [ 8, 88].
While it should not necessarily be the primary diagnostic tool, diagnostic approaches that have the capacity to further investigate and detect non- falciparum malaria may become important in future.
However, there is a need to graduate from a primary focus on reductionist approaches that emphasize a single disease, and instead direct efforts to systems approaches that improve institutions and help enhance organizational capacity in countries, as well as develop local leadership and innovative solutions.
As countries shift towards stronger primary health care systems, innovative approaches that rely on minimally trained health workers have gained increasing relevance.
In South Africa, legislative efforts are only just emerging to redress this oversight and consider multisectoral approaches that prioritize primary prevention alongside traditional secondary and tertiary approaches, but these efforts are essential to further the country's violence prevention commitments.
With the growing interest in approaches that combine primary tumor data such as transcriptome profiles with networks and pathways, several initiatives provide tools to objectively evaluate the improvement in outcome prediction performances [ 100].
Comprehensive approaches that incorporate both primary and secondary prevention strategies should be considered.
So far in computational drug discovery, drug response and disease phenotypes have been correlated with underlying pathological processes through 'back-tracking' approaches that can infer primary causes of transcriptional changes but require the integration of heterogeneous data sources and a priori known signalling and regulatory models [14 16].
11 The most effective strategy for preventing work-related disability is a primary prevention approach, that is, preventing the initial work-related injury and disease.
