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Behavioural pharmacology relies on animal models which are primarily validated using the male laboratory rat.
Given this evidence, some depressive symptoms may be under- or over- reported in Eastern countries when applying standard measures that have been primarily validated among Western countries.
Previous codon optimization strategies have been primarily validated using prokaryotes [ 3, 11, 30, 37], endogenous expression data [ 14, 15, 17], or limited heterologous gene variants [ 7, 39].
The utility of TNM status at presentation as a guide to management planning has been primarily validated by its ability to stratify survival of subgroups of patients with a given type of cancer.
Given that the CIDI has been primarily validated for use in the Western populations [ 39], the tendency for Asian individuals to repress their emotions as well as somatize symptoms may have resulted in a response bias [ 37] which may in turn have resulted in lower estimates of mental disorders obtained in this study.
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However, a host of methodological uncertainties have impeded the application of directed connectivity methods, which have primarily been validated via "ground truth" connectivity patterns embedded in simulated functional MRI (fMRI) and magneto-/electro-encephalography (MEG/EEG) datasets.
The Cockcroft/Gault and Jeliffe formulas have primarily been validated in younger patients without renal disease (Burkhardt et al, 2002; Rimon et al, 2004).
These instruments have primarily been validated against 'objective' health outcomes such as mortality, length of stay, and cost of care [ 4- 13].
However, to date NIPD assays have primarily been validated in white Caucasian populations and their reliability in ethnic minority populations still has to be demonstrated [ 41].
Hence, the experiments were used primarily to validate the NRC morphogenetic ice accretion model.
This rule would serve primarily to validate the foreigner as a promising entrepreneur by leveraging the venture capital community's judgment as a proxy.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com