Costs are expressed according to pre-2000 price levels in 57.69% of the articles (n = 15), while only 5 used post-2000 prices for their calculations (23.08%).
Republican leaders in the State Senate and House have called for another special session to cap the wholesale tax by establishing an artificial ceiling price for tax calculation purposes.
However, energy taxes should not be used for calculation of reference prices since they partly offset subsidy-induced effects on final prices and consumption.
The basic idea to compare end-user energy prices with reference prices is very simple; however, practical application of the method is less straightforward since some assumptions need to be made for calculation of reference prices.
The adjusted 2003 price and economic indicator data were converted to a SAS dataset for calculation of the median price for each country as well as other statistics using PROC MEANS and PROC UNIVARIATE.
The basis for calculation of discounts were price information published by the official Germany drug price list ("Lauertaxe").
Fig. 5 Variance and average of hourly EPEX Spot SE day-ahead prices for the period 2005 2015 (source: own calculations based on [124]).
The calculation depends on setting prices for more than 70 forms of natural capital, Bernick told me.
Moreover, we based cost calculation on weighted mean prices for Germany as these are assumed to reflect opportunity costs.
See [22] for calculation of %−ΔcGI.
