Sentence examples for price payers from inspiring English sources
This may occur whenever the price increase for the price payers dominates the quality increase for the fee-only patients or if the fee is set so that s < 0, which implies that fee discrimination actually lowers quality.
In the absence of fee discrimination (d = 0), we have 2 t ̃ ≥ 1 ∕ 2 due to s - v(s) ≥ 0 meaning that we always observe more price payers than fee-only patients in the market except for s = 0 where their numbers are just equal.
As described above, the treatment costs of outpatient phototherapy were calculated from the societal perspective, whereas the treatment costs of home phototherapy had to be calculated using invoice prices (payers' perspective).
In the symmetric market equilibrium, both the quality s for the fee-only patients and the price p for the price-payers depend on the fee f (cf. conditions (7) and (8)).
Provided that the willingness to pay is sufficiently high, all patients then become price-payers and receive the optimal quality while there are no distortion costs so that the surplus function used by Glazer and McGuire becomes maximal.
Because of t ^ = p - s = 0, the symmetric equilibrium involves a price p = s ̄ and all patients become price-payers if Ū - s ̄ - 1 ∕ 2 ≥ 0 is satisfied, i.e., if the willingness to pay is sufficiently high. endnote g) Clearly, all patients then get the socially optimal quality.
Initially, these drugs were listed at $14,000/year, a price that payers were not willing to accept based on the relative value these drugs brought to the healthcare system.
As for the list prices that payers like pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs) are faced with, it's unclear if any of Trump's proposals are really having an impact.
With the complexities of negotiated prices, multiple payers, and emerging reform, this will continue to be challenging.
The political environment was and remains strongly supportive of transparent and uniform pricing across all payers – mitigating against pricing schemes.
3. The varying degrees of market power among private insurers in the United States have led to pervasive price discrimination among payers, with prices for identical goods or services varying among payers by factors as high as 10 (see chart below).
