However, this simple interpretation is only valid for the overall prey quantity, while capture success of single prey taxa may be habitat-specific and depend on landscape features.
Lower overall prey densities were associated with proximity to snares, and other anthropogenic-related covariates like distances to villages and roads were also important predictors of prey densities.
Second, reductions in one behavior may be offset by increases in another; prey that reduce overall activity levels may, for example, become more efficient at capturing and consuming resources.
Since overall prey crypsis is likely be a result of both pigmentation and morphological traits such as size and shape, it might be an adaptive response to the visually hunting fish predators in the stonewort habitat.
Overall prey release was significantly higher for dewormed polyps when compared to individuals hosting flatworms.
Overall prey capture was significantly higher for dewormed polyps when compared to individuals hosting flatworms.
Overall prey release was significantly higher at 1,000 nauplii L−1 when compared to 250 nauplii L−1 (Bonferroni, P = 0.003).
Overall prey capture was significantly higher at 1,000 nauplii L−1 when compared to 250 nauplii L−1 (Bonferroni, P = 0.011).
Consequently, we found no evidence that the mass of the defended prey or the overall mass of prey ingested affected the amount of toxin that a predator was willing to ingest, and instead the mass of undefended prey eaten was more important.
In aquatic systems, the presence of predator cues reduced prey feeding rate and overall activity by an average of 57% and 42%, respectively (45% and 34% in terrestrial systems).
