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Here we describe the creation of biotin-independent strains of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum through installation of an optimized malonyl-CoA bypass, which re-routes natural fatty acid synthesis, rendering the previously essential vitamin completely obsolete.
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Whereas previously the essential characteristic of an equilibrium state was always that it is stationary, in Boltzmann's new view it is conceived as the macrostate (i.e., a region in phase space) that can be realized in the largest number of ways.
Thus, it likely represents a previously unidentified essential regulatory sequence.
Fas_86R was previously deemed essential for binding to FasL, whereas mutation of Fas_81F reduced binding.
Metabolic pathways that lack redundancy or have critical functions have been identified previously through essential gene studies.
This result confirms that the ten-amino-acid motif between Lys and Met, identified previously as essential for Hxk2 translocation to the nucleus [ 7], is required for the Hxk2 Mig1 interaction.
The possibility that PH dimerization might be important for Btk activation was first proposed by Saraste and colleagues (Hyvönen and Saraste, 1997), and we now show that the dimer interface identified previously is essential for IP6-dependent Btk activation.
This is similar to the previously identified essential metabolites located along parallel biosynthetic pathways which could cause sub-optimal distribution of metabolic fluxes and attenuated cell growth when their flux-sums were perturbed [ 22].
The researchers found that germination and initial growth take place at the site of inoculation in both cutaneous and inhalational infections, ruling out the previously thought essential involvement of the draining lymph nodes.
The previously suggested essential role of BK for precise spike timing of high-frequency cochlear signaling (2) therefore has to be interpreted as a combined consequence of BK deletion in IHCs and auditory fibers.
When the wild-type copy of est4 was cloned, it was found to be a separation-of-function allele of the previously identified essential CDC13 gene and renamed cdc13 -2 (Nugent et al. 1996).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com