However, the total performance on delayed recall is not independent from what has been learned previously, since delayed recall confounds retrieval with acquisition.
Although the idea that new learning is dependent on what has been learned previously is almost universally accepted, demonstrations of its truth have been largely confined to the psychological laboratory, particularly in the field of text processing (e.g., Bransford and Johnson 1972; Kintsch and Van Dijk 1978).
However, pseudoword stimuli, which had not been learned previously thus lacking corresponding cell assemblies, led to simultaneous partial activation of word circuits, which massively varied with the level of the gain and thus attention (Garagnani et al. 2008).
This is analogous to the concept of "writing to learn," in which explaining the material in one's own words is considered part of the learning process, rather than a mere reporting of what has been learned previously (Balgopal and Wallace, 2009).
The missing disciplines (not previously extracted from Wikipedia) have been learned based on the thesis title using a Bayesian supervised dictionary learning technique.
These solutions must of course have been learned and previously stored in memory as mindware.
My test of formative causation was to have students learn random sequences of letters, test the students, provide a second set of randomly sequenced letters half of which had been learned before and half unseen sequences, and test again to see if recall on previously learned sequences was better than sequences learned only once.
Previously, law was learned in the course of service, the first rudiments possibly in private clerkship to some official.
They figured that it is easier to learn a multi-part character if all the components had been learnt previously.
Although it is generally widely accepted that the acquisition of knowledge depends on what was learned previously (Alexander et al. 1994), proof of this fact is mainly restricted to laboratory experiments; whether that is the case in the naturalistic classroom environment remains to be seen.
