Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
previous studies indicate
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "previous studies indicate" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to findings or conclusions drawn from earlier research in a particular field. Example: "Previous studies indicate that regular exercise can significantly improve mental health."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Science & Research
Academia
News & Media
Alternative expressions(15)
existing literature indicates
the literature suggests
Previous findings suggest
The literature suggests
prior studies show
earlier investigations suggest
previous research indicates
the evidence implies
according to prior studies
based on earlier research
existing literature supports
according to earlier findings
according to previous working
based on prior work
based on prior research
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Previous studies indicate that Wnts are also activity-dependently released8,9,36.
Science & Research
Our previous studies indicate that the sst1/IPR1 pathway is one of the mechanisms of host resilience activated by IFNγ.
Science & Research
Previous studies indicate that the Marshes have undergone accelerated ecological degradation since the 1980s.
Science
Previous studies indicate that descending modulation of nociception is progressively increased following persistent inflammation.
Science
However, previous studies indicate that topical morphine application impairs wound healing.
Science
Previous studies indicate that nightly sodium oxybate administration reduces nocturnal sleep disruption in narcolepsy.
Science
Previous studies indicate that early life may be a critical time window of susceptibility to UL.
Science
Previous studies indicate that the presence of peers influences children's food consumption.
A number of previous studies indicate that GNA12/13 proteins have the potential to mediate cancer cell invasion and metastasis via activating RhoA14,33,34.
Science & Research
Previous studies indicate that the use of hybrid fiber has the potential to improve the properties of concrete.
Previous studies indicate that moisture plays an important role in the durability of bond between FRP and substrate.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "previous studies indicate", clearly reference the specific studies being cited to provide context and credibility to your statement. Avoid generalizations by pointing to concrete examples.
Common error
Avoid using "previous studies indicate" without providing specific references. Statements lacking supporting evidence can weaken your argument and undermine your credibility. Always back up your claims with proper citations.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "previous studies indicate" functions as an introductory phrase to present information derived from earlier research. It serves to establish a foundation for subsequent arguments or findings, citing existing knowledge, and is a professional way to reference to prior work, as Ludwig AI confirms.
Frequent in
Science
42%
Academia
20%
Science & Research
20%
Less common in
News & Media
12%
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "previous studies indicate" is a grammatically correct and frequently used introductory phrase, particularly in academic and scientific writing. It serves to introduce findings from earlier research and provide evidence-based support for a claim. According to Ludwig AI, its professional tone and common usage across various contexts make it a valuable tool for writers. When using this phrase, be sure to provide specific citations to support your statements and avoid overgeneralizations. The provided alternatives can help vary your language and avoid repetition.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
Prior research suggests
Uses "prior research" instead of "previous studies", offering a slightly more formal tone.
Earlier studies suggest
Substitutes "earlier" for "previous", maintaining a similar level of formality.
Existing literature indicates
Replaces "studies" with "literature", broadening the scope to include various types of published works.
Past investigations show
Employs "investigations" instead of "studies" and "show" instead of "indicate", providing a more active voice.
Prior analyses reveal
Replaces "studies" with "analyses", focusing on the results of specific analyses.
Previous findings suggest
Focuses on "findings" from previous studies, emphasizing the results rather than the studies themselves.
The literature suggests
Similar to "existing literature indicates" but more concise.
Research has shown
A more general statement indicating research supports a claim.
It has been previously shown
Passive voice construction emphasizing that something has already been demonstrated.
Earlier work demonstrates
Highlights that previous work provides a clear demonstration of a particular phenomenon.
FAQs
What is the best way to use "previous studies indicate" in a research paper?
When using "previous studies indicate" in a research paper, follow it with a specific finding or conclusion and cite the relevant sources. For instance, "Previous studies indicate that regular exercise improves cardiovascular health (Smith et al., 2020; Jones, 2021)".
What are some alternatives to the phrase "previous studies indicate"?
You can use alternatives such as "prior research suggests", "earlier studies suggest", or "existing literature indicates" depending on the context.
How can I avoid overusing the phrase "previous studies indicate" in my writing?
To avoid overuse, vary your language by using synonyms like "prior research suggests", "past investigations show", or "the literature suggests". Also, try rephrasing your sentences to introduce the information differently.
Is it appropriate to use "previous studies indicate" in formal writing?
Yes, "previous studies indicate" is appropriate for formal writing, especially in academic and scientific contexts. It's a clear and professional way to refer to existing research. However, ensure that you always provide proper citations to support your claims.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested