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Pervasive preventive misconception was based on a mental model of prevention trials as interventions, overestimation of likely efficacy of candidate vaccines and likelihood of being assigned to the experimental group, with expectations of protective benefits and decreased condom use.
These concepts are central to the phenomenon of preventive misconception that may be associated with an increase in risk behavior among study participants related to mistaken beliefs.
Because prevention trials may be prolonged, close attention to concomitant life changes and co-morbidities, adherence and participant retention in the trial is of primary importance, as is recognition of the potential for "preventive misconception" and "behavioral disinhibition" to affect the ability of the trial to show an effect of the intervention under study.
The specific beliefs that contribute to preventive misconception could be integrated into such a campaign as targets for change.
Of particular concern, preventive misconception was widely in evidence among study participants, supported by a mental model of prevention trials as synonymous with preventive interventions.
Figure 2 illustrates a mental model of preventive misconception, the belief that one gains protection by virtue of being enrolled in a prevention trial [ 37].
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In prevention studies, the prophylactic misconception consists in research participants mistakenly believing they will be protected by the preventive intervention being tested (such as a candidate HIV vaccine), and possibly taking greater health risks as a consequence.
Overall, knowledge of the three preventive methods, misconceptions and comprehensive knowledge was 57%, 75%andd 18.5%, respectively.
However, misconceptions about preventive measures were also observed, such as personal hygiene, use of insecticide, and herbs in 54.8%, 8.6%, and 48.5% of the respondents, respectively.
Despite detailed published accounts of self-management techniques and knee OA prevention, for example, the NICE Guidelines and the Arthritis Foundations National Public Health Agendaa, misconceptions, lack of preventive knowledge, and maladaptive sociocultural beliefs among caregivers and general population in different regions pose substantial barriers towards preventive efforts [ 33].
Comprehensive knowledge was measured by six questions that indicate knowledge of the three preventive methods and absence of misconceptions.
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