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One is that home and community-based services prevent a decline in the physical and mental state of individuals certified as needing long-term care (prevention of decline) [ 14] and the other is that these services reduce the care burden of caregivers, allowing them to maintain their ability to provide care (maintenance of caregivers' ability) [ 26, 59, 60].
The effect of day care among individuals certified as having light need for long-term care could be either maintenance of caregivers' ability [ 26, 59, 60, 64, 65], prevention of decline of physical and mental functions [ 14, 22, 65- 68], or both.
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Plassman et al. 2010 [ 7], in their systematic review of observational studies on factors associated with risk for, and possible prevention of, cognitive decline in later life, found cognitive decline to be classified in numerous ways, for example categorical or continuous.
Second, the features of preventive interventions that are associated with prevention of functional decline are multidimensional (i.e., geriatric assessment including physical examination, long-term follow up [ 9, 10, 51], interdisciplinary teamwork, and care coordination) [ 26, 27].
Nevertheless, in view of national plans toward a more proactive care for community-dwelling older people, a large RCT in the Netherlands is still needed to explore the effectiveness of a proactive multifactorial intervention on the prevention of functional decline in older persons who are at increased risk for functional decline.
Our findings, taken together with the results of earlier studies (reviewed in Sonntag et al. (2013)), point to potential benefits of interventions preventing age‐related IGF‐1 deficiency and promoting microvascular health for the prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly.
144 Other studies testing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in dietary fish or fish oil, on cognitive decline found no effect of dietary doses of omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of cognitive decline.
Conclusion: Prevention of functional decline should target chronic conditions and moderate functional limitation in older adults.
A prehabilitation program for the prevention of functional decline: effect on higher-level physical function.
This has particular relevance to the design and interpretation of clinical trials in progress to assess potential benefits of insulin and insulin sensitisers on prevention of cognitive decline.
In the past three decades, both pharmacological and lifestyle interventions have been studied for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia in randomised controlled trials of individuals mostly aged older than 50 55 years with or without risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
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