This imposes a low thermal budget to prevent diffusion of the dopants.
To prevent diffusion of the catalyst, hydrogen chloride is added in the gas flow [36].
While this material model penalizes fluid velocity it does not prevent diffusion through porous material.
The latter is needed to prevent diffusion problems, thus, allowing the free access of nutrients for cell metabolism.
The strong adhesion of proteins to hydrophilic surfaces prevents diffusion of either molecule into the micro- and nanopores.
In this context, biomolecules are attractive nanocontact printing inks since their high molecular weight prevents diffusion during the printing step, resulting in high-resolution features.
However, using solution photochemistry for acid-labile deprotection requires the reaction sites being isolated from each other to prevent diffusion of reagents during a photolytic reaction.
A second kinetic model, which considered the physical tunnel as a small sphere capable of preventing diffusion of the intermediate into the bulk, was then constructed.
Processes should be designed to first minimize waste and then the waste generated should be treated to minimize volume to prevent diffusion into the environment.
