The process requires a proton gradient, thus mitochondria that are metabolically compromised are prevented from fusing.
A bioenergetically impaired mitochondrion is prevented from fusing back into the network, by the proteasomal degradation of the profusion factor mitofusin, Mfn, also known as marf in Drosophila.
The team first tested whether a scaffold was in place that allowed smaller particles to move through the mesh but caused larger particles to get stuck, preventing them from fusing.
The strategies employed by obligate intracellular pathogens to avoid intracellular killing by professional phagocytes can be broadly categorized as immediate escape from the phagosome into the cytoplasm or modification of the phagosome preventing it from fusing with lysosomes [58], [59].
This is mainly because the polymer coating not only stabilizes liposomes against fusion with each other but also prevents them from fusing with bacterial membranes, to which the antimicrobial payloads need to be delivered.
On the dorsal side, the outer and inner signals are released without a considerable delay, and the inner signal soon catches up with the outer signal; an inhibitory signal released between the two signals prevents them from fusing with each other.
Shelterin proteins prevent chromosome ends from fusing together and from eliciting erroneous induction of DNA damage response pathways.
Human sperm carry a version of Izumo as well, and it seems to play a similar role: Antibodies to the protein prevent human sperm from fusing with hamster eggs, a common test for the fertility of sperm.
Other bacteria trapped in vesicles have evolved ways to prevent their compartment from fusing with the lysosome, but SpiC, the team concludes, is the only bacterial protein known to tie up global vesicular traffic.
This prevents PA6 droplets from fusing together to form a continuous network during the coalescence and producing larger PA6 domains at higher TiO2 loads.
