This reconciles two fundamental opposing requirements: High cell-to-cell signal variability is needed to generate very low differentiation rates, whereas low signal variability is needed to prevent differentiated cells from de-differentiating.
This reconciles two fundamental opposing requirements: high cell-to-cell signal variability so that differentiation rates can be kept very low and low signal variability to prevent differentiated cells from de-differentiating.
In response to the application of physical strain MSCs are prevented from differentiating along an adipogenic lineage and instead are redirected towards an osteoblast lineage [40], This gives rise to the possibility the physical stress provides a homeostatic mechanism for mesenchymal lineage selection.
In contrast, TS cells can give rise to trophoblast derivatives but are prevented from differentiating into the three germ layers.
Interestingly, ribonucleotide reductase, cyclin D1, and RuvB accumulated strongly around the nascent pharynx in FoxA RNAi) animals, providing further evidence that in the absence of FoxA, stem cells are prevented from differentiating into the pharyngeal lineage.
Our data suggest the C17.2 cell line is derived from progenitor cells at a stage in development when they are prevented from differentiating in response to WNT/ β-catenin pathway signals.
In addition, both Fgf10 and downstream Notch signaling are involved in maintaining club stem cells to prevent them from differentiating into terminally differentiated ciliated cells [ 43, 119, 140].
By the end of immune adaptation in early ontogeny, the MDC are proposed to encounter the most differentiated cells in a specific tissue, and prevent them from differentiating beyond the encoded state during adulthood by the so called "stop effect".
However, long stretches of high linkage disequilibrium within the genome prevent us from differentiating between causal variants and perfect surrogates, thus limiting our ability to identify causal variants.
