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However, the relative prevalence of odor identification decrement associated with WTC exposure was nonsignificant: 1.15 (95% CI, 0.7 1.89).
The results suggest that atmospheric NH3 levels at local air quality stations could be used as indicators of prevalence of odor annoyance in non-urban residential communities.
This study provides evidences that suggest that NH3 concentration measured and modeled as part of the national air quality programs could be used as proxy of prevalence of odor annoyance in non-urban residential communities.
The exposure-annoyance sigmoid model showed that the prevalence of odor annoyance was significantly associated with NH3 concentrations (measured and estimated) at the local air quality monitoring stations (p < 0.01,R = 0.99; and p < 0.05,R = 0.93; respectively).
In general terms, the prevalence of odor annoyance was in agreement with the responses to the open-ended question regarding the main advantages and disadvantages of living in the countryside.
There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence of odor identification scores below normal range between the groups, although there were a few more individuals in the WTC group with extremely low scores than in the comparison group (8% vs. 1%, respectively).
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When exposure was considered using survey-based reports of livestock odor, the highest prevalences of noticeable odors outside or inside the school buildings were in schools with low SES enrollment (high white/low SES: n = 5, 28%; low white/low SES: n = 23, 24%), and the lowest prevalence of such odor was observed in schools with high-white/high-SES enrollment (n = 16, 17%) (Table 2).
Inclusion of the excluded schools approximately doubled the prevalence of reported odor, and the effect of low white/low SES, compared with high white/high SES, changed from elevated risk to reduced risk in each of the three livestock odor models, suggesting that schools with high white enrollment are disproportionately exposed to odors from other types of livestock operations.
Inclusion of these 39 schools approximately doubled the prevalence of reported odor (outside or inside, 34%; outside only, 18%; outside and inside, 19%) and resulted in marked attenuation of the effect of low white enrollment (outside or inside: PR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.59 1.32; outside only: PR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.48 1.61; outside and inside: PR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.45 1.64).
The prevalence of reported livestock odor varied with SES (low SES, 25%; high SES, 17%).
Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of several symptoms (headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation) and both frequency of odor perception and degree of worry.
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