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By considering consumption of opioid painkillers (measured in milligrams per capita) on a national basis and then comparing this against annual prevalence of misuse of prescription opioids, it becomes clear that there is no simple correlation between the two.
Because relapse rates and prevalence of misuse remain high, and substance abuse, considered a community-wide problem, persists: "You get one off the street and there's two more to take his or her place" (Region C, Key Informant 5).
Such a low prevalence of misuse in opioid-treated patients, moreover, is inconsistent with epidemiological data that conservatively estimate the 12-month prevalence of drug misuse at 80 in 10,000 [ 51].
Furthermore, a new class of hypnotic Z-drugs reportedly has a considerably high prevalence of misuse, abuse, and dependence among the general population; however, few studies have reported the use pattern in an HIV-infected population [ 12].
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All three of these articles stated that pain management was an issue given the prevalence of drug misuse and abuse in the prison population (Lin and Mathew 2005; Markman 2007; Mathew et al. 2005).
To determine the percentage of patients who should receive an intervention we calculated the prevalence of alcohol misuse and tobacco abuse using exit interview responses.
Thus, we may have over-estimated the prevalence of substance misuse because providers were more likely to refer "problem" patients in whom they suspected opioid misuse.
O'Brien and Cullen found that despite increases in the prevalence of substance misuse, there had been no increase in the time allocated to teach undergraduate medical students substance misuse topics in Ireland [ 6].
The strong relationship between mental illness and substance abuse disorders is well known and thus the high prevalence of substance misuse is not entirely unexpected [ 81].
Significantly, the figures suggested that the prevalence of alcohol misuse was far greater than that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the psychological injury often associated in the public mind with soldiers, which affects an estimated seven percent of those who serve in front-line roles, according to the King's Centre.
We documented a high prevalence of substance misuse (32%).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com