Logistic regression was used to test for group differences in the prevalence of notable height growth cessation, defined as a height increment of <0.4 cm from year 12 to year 14.
In β-TI, growth hormone deficiency is seen in 31% of patients (28) while the prevalence of short stature (height more than 2 SD below man height for age (below 3rd percentile)) varies between reports ranging from 7 to 46% [ 26, 27].
The pattern of results was inconsistent for incidence and prevalence of diarrhoea, height, weight and plasma ferritin (see online supplementary appendix 6).
From 2003 to 2006, the prevalence of low height and weight in German children under 5 years was 1.3% [ 15], in Brazilian children 7.1% [ 16].
The association with spPTB was stronger in women in Asia where the prevalence of maternal height <145 cm was higher, while Latin America and Africa did not reach significance – this could be due to the lower prevalence of shorter women in these regions, malnutrition increasing the risk of preterm birth [ 32] or potentially a racial predisposition at play.
In the Northern region of Brazil, where the state of Acre is located, the prevalence of low height-for-age (HAZ) and high weight-for-height (WHZ) have been 14.8%and6.2%2%, respectively [ 5] whereas the national rates for such prevalence are 6.7% low HAZ and 7.3% high WHZ.
We calculated the prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z-score <−2 standard deviations [SD]), wasting (weight-for-height z-score <−2 SD), and underweight (weight-for-age z-score <−2 SD) for each survey using World Health Organization 2006 growth standards.
A national study conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [ 38] between 2002 and 2003 showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of low height-for-age over the past decades.
There was no association between prevalence of BCC and height for women or men; the PPR estimates for height were elevated only for the tallest people, but not significantly.
