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Overall, the results of these studies indicated a suboptimal level of asthma control and variability in the prevalence of controlled patients among European countries [ 12] or worldwide macro-areas [ 6].
Patients treated at bedtime showed significantly lower sleep time blood pressure mean and higher prevalence of controlled ambulatory blood pressure (62.5 vs. 50.9%; P = 0.013).
Second, since some of the study population had several risk factors, including hypertension, and dyslipidemia, we could not eliminate the possible confounding effect of underlying diseases on the present findings, although the prevalence of controlled hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia were similar throughout the male and female groups.
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These results can be linked to the high prevalence of controlling behaviours described in the WHO multi country study where 90% of ever-partnered women in an urban Tanzanian setting experienced one or more controlling behaviour.
Lloyd-Jones found the prevalence of control to decline with age, especially in women [ 20].
The prevalence of control was defined as the percentage of hypertensive patients with BP controlled <140/90 mmHg.
The sample size calculation is based on an expected prevalence of control group services meeting all policies and practices at follow-up of 25% (unpublished data).
Awareness and treatment were twice as high in women and within the sub-group of people treated the prevalence of control in women was 1.5 times higher.
A range of approaches have been used by others, from using the exposure prevalence of control subjects in case control studies (IARC, 2007) to extrapolation from exposure of children to ETS at home (Jamrozik, 2005).
The multinational MONICA study between 1986 and 1994 compared hypertension control between 24 areas and found that subjects treated for hypertension in northern Sweden were among those with the lowest prevalence of control [ 8].
If BP goals are not achieved promptly, it is reasonable to try treatment with one or more additional antihypertensive drugs, since it is possible to achieve a higher prevalence of control with combination therapy [ 4].
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