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Even basic facts about synesthesia -- its prevalence, for example -- are still less than certain.
A lot of [platforms] have been used to spread misinformation fake bots and their prevalence, for example.
Only in the Far East does evidence persist of lower prevalence: for example, 23.8% for all primary headache and 9.3% for migraine from a similar nationwide study supported by LTB in China [10].
For risk factors with a lower prevalence (for example, 10%) or a higher prevalence (for example, 70%), this study had 80% power to detect an OR of 4.0.
Asthma prevalence, for example, increased by about 1% a year from around 1980 [ 4].
The prevalence of HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID) is shocking, much higher than HIV prevalence, for example [ 3, 4].
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Mathematical modelling would be needed to derive infection prevalence estimates from detectable prevalence; for examples of such modelling applied to clinical case surveillance data in Great Britain, see [ 19, 20].
This shows that the effect of misclassification decreases with increased true prevalence, so for example, a true prevalence of 8% for multiple physical symptoms would mean that the true relative risk was nearly double that observed, while a true prevalence of 16% would only increase it by 20%.
Therefore, one report may contain multiple studies, of either the same type (two prevalence studies, for example) or different types (a prevalence study and an incidence study, for example).
Temporal variation in infection pressure from the environment can also influence the age-prevalence relation: For example, the prevalence in older people may be higher as they have consumed meat from animals with a high prevalence from before animal husbandry was industrialized.
For a common condition (25% prevalence - for example, some common psychological symptoms), to detect a small reduction in prevalence to 20% with 80% power would require a sample of 2266 at a minimum.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com