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If lameness prevalence exceeds 15% of the herd, it is important to differentiate the cause.
However, consideration of universal testing is recommended for medical inpatients when local prevalence exceeds 2 per 1000, as in Milton Keynes.
The guidelines are meant for settings where the HIV prevalence exceeds 1% in the general population or 5% among the TB cases.
For comparison, Padian et al. reported an HIV incidence of 2.7 per 100 woman-years in Zimbabwe [1], a country where the HIV epidemic is more generalized and national adult HIV prevalence exceeds 15% [22].
In Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe, the estimated adult HIV prevalence exceeds 20%[ 75].
Wherever this prevalence exceeds about 20%, a positive test is clinically unhelpful.
Similar(38)
In both instances, at year 10, the active TB average prevalence did not exceed 0.5% and the active TB prevalence exceeded 1% in less than 5% of the 600 runs.
The outcomes of interest are the percent of total agent years spent in MDR-categories, the number of runs where MDR prevalence exceeded 5% (these are counted as having created an MDR-TB epidemic), and the number of new developments (index cases) of MDR-TB.
In 15 of these studies, the prevalence exceeded 30%.
Nevertheless, as depicted in figure 1, cumulative prevalence exceeded that of reported Canadian lifetime prevalence.
It is an ubiquitous virus with a worldwide prevalence exceeding 90%.
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