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Once the decision has been made to use external beam radiation, a series of pretreatment procedures are performed.
In addition, the experimental focus should also guide the choice of pyrite pretreatment procedures.
In the preparation of nanofluids, solid additives are always subjected to various pretreatment procedures.
Significantly different optimum compositions have been obtained upon using these two pretreatment procedures.
Electrochemical techniques are of choice since they possess the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, and low cost without separation or pretreatment procedures [13].
The effects of gold loading (i.e., loading processes and pretreatment procedures) on the perovskite titanate substrate (K2La2Ti3O10) for photo-catalytic water splitting were studied.
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The only significantly different element that was higher in pretreated Populus relative to switchgrass was molybdenum, which was likely introduced during the pretreatment procedure (Additional file 7).
A simple and fast pretreatment procedure [29] was used.
The pretreatment procedure was repeated before each experiment.
Rinsing with an organic solvent is sometimes the only pretreatment procedure [15],[15].
The effectiveness of TiO2 mediated photocatalytic pretreatment procedure was compared to commonly used alumina polishing procedure.
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