Sentence examples for pretreatment operations from inspiring English sources

A batch, dead-end filtration method is used to compare the effect of various pretreatment operations on membrane performance.

Data pretreatment operations prior to 2D correlation analysis are discussed, including the correction for physical effects, background and baseline subtraction, selection of reference spectrum, normalization and scaling of data, derivatives spectra and deconvolution technique, and smoothing and noise reduction.

The temperature of the reaction mixture during thermal pretreatment operations was maintained between 55 and 95 °C.

The biomass production method, the type of transport and the choice and order of pretreatment operations are also important.

Commissioning the newly installed horizontal reactor system identified several operational challenges that should be addressed in similar reactor designs, or considered in ongoing pretreatment operations.

This study may provide a suitable prototype of a pretreatment reactor at high solids loading for future large-scale or industrial-scale pretreatment operations.

Unless the agitation apparatus was removed from the new enlarged reactor and left the new reactor as an empty cylinder, as the previous 10 L reactor for the static pretreatment operation (which was not possible to operate on the new reactor), the direct comparison of the pretreated materials obtained at the agitated condition and static condition did not accurately reflect the true situation.

These breakthroughs include, among others, an elegant and effective physical pretreatment; operation at high solids loading under non-aseptic conditions; minimal nutrient requirements beyond the plant biomass itself; efficient fermentation of nearly all plant components; efficient recovery of primary fermentation end-products; and production of useful co-products.

The pretreated biomass solids were biodetoxified in a 15-L bioreactor at 28 °C and aeration for 36 h to remove the inhibitors generated during the dry dilute acid pretreatment operation (Zhang et al. 2010; He et al. 2016).

Generally, the lower temperature in the pretreatment operation leads to lower pretreatment efficiency [ 9, 11, 17, 23, 24].

However, the routine pretreatment reactor without mixing apparatus was found not suitable for dry pretreatment operation because of poor mixing and mass transfer.