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To reuse pretreated water effluent of the El-Nile Company for the food industry in Egypt, NF and RO membrane separation techniques were investigated.
Pretreated water hyacinth was used as substrate for enzyme production by Aspergillus niger and onsite produced enzymes were used for saccharification.
SSF of pretreated water hyacinth biomass (WHB) with P. stipitis instead of traditional yeast is found to be an effective biofuel production process.
The fermentation of bioethanol from pretreated water hyacinth biomass with mono and co-cultures of fungal strains along with P. stipitis is found to be an effective biofuel production process.
Mishima et al. [34], on the other hand, reported a lesser ethanol yield of 0.14 g g−1 dry substrate through SSF of pretreated water hyacinth using commercial cellulase and S. cerevisiae.
The minimum production of ethanol observed in the submerged fermentation of pretreated water hyacinth biomass using monocultures of T. reesei and F. oxysporum was due to the inability of these organisms to convert pentose sugars into ethanol.
Similar(50)
However, a conversion evolution between the untreated and the pretreated water-borne styrene-acrylate emulsion composite system appeared due to the particular interfacial effect.
Experimental results indicated that fouling indices using different test membranes showed variable results for untreated and pretreated waters.
RAuABE was tested by determination of Cu II) in non-pretreated water samples (without removal of oxygen and surfactants).
A similar finding was reported earlier where 0.11 g ethanol was obtained from alkali-pretreated water hyacinth through SHF [23].
Reverse osmosis was a practical process for desalination of pretreated produced water samples tested (by reducing the TDS more than 96%) except for the high-TDS produced water.
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