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The material fallacies are also known as fallacies of presumption, because the premises "presume" too much they either covertly assume the conclusion or avoid the issue in view.
Frim recently told me that treating Katerina's condition as Chiari syndrome "was kind of a presumption," because the brain scans weren't "a hundred per cent classic".
The age distribution of measles patients supported this presumption because one of the peak ages for measles patients was one year.
This is perhaps the most dangerous presumption because data indicate that family members rarely make decisions that the patient would make if competent, and the potential for conflict and guilt among family members is great [ 7].
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This strategy for cancer control is based on the presumption that because cancer develops through a multi-step process, each step may be a prospective target for reversing or suppressing the process.
Individuals might have strong presumptions because of their own life experiences.
Nochlin called the latter presumption "naïve," because it imagined that art is "a translation of personal life into visual terms".
The presumption that because you love a partner you'll unreservedly love their offspring has always seemed a mite unrealistic to me.
"Investors have been overly optimistic on the progress made by European leaders and yes, I think there is good news from Europe, but there seems to be the presumption that because they are meeting everything would work out smoothly," said Kate Warne, investment strategist for Edward Jones.
Yet bureaucratic inertia has kept in place the presumption that because some of the data might be sensitive, all of it has to be protected; as a result, a thicket of paperwork and procedures deters all but the most resourceful and patient scientists from gaining access to it.
One presumption is because a considerable number of treatment centers began closing during the latter part of the study period, resulting in an overflow of patients seeking care at alternate sites such as our study site.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com