The presumption for or against bail can be displaced by evidence.
He added: "The whole of immigration control is based on the presumption that applicants are guilty until proven innocent.
Challenging the presumption that doctor-led obstetric units are the best places for the birth of a child will not be straightforward – 90% of mothers currently choose this option, no doubt because they feel safer amid the reassuring presence of doctors and technology.
Member states needed to do more to help Italy shoulder the burden, she said, calling also for a "presumption of rescue" policy to be implemented to ensure that any overcrowded migrant boat spotted by passing ships would have to be offered help.
But it said that, while officers are warned against conferring and there is a presumption in guidance against doing so, a blanket prohibition would not be practical.
The broader point is that in these and other laws you have eroded the profoundly important principle of the presumption of innocence.
I would make it a presumption that those who deal in drugs to young children should go to prison; and I would make breach of a drugs treatment order an arrestable offence.
The right to trial by jury, the right to silence, the right not to be punished until a court has decided that the law has been broken, the right to demonstrate and protest, the presumption of innocence, the right to private communication, the right to travel without surveillance and the details of that journey being retained - all have been curtailed by your legislation.
It was calculated that more than 3,000 people with learning disabilities were living in hospitals in England despite the closure of all NHS long-stay institutions and a longstanding presumption against hospital care.
That was just presumption, rumour, based on nothing.
The act is not well known, but it embeds in law the presumption that information held by public authorities is open to anyone who asks for it, unless there is a specific reason not to disclose.
