In addition, the actions of the gorilla must have been potentially detectable by an audience, if there was one (e.g. visible movements, audible results of movements, or tactile pressure from body contact), and the actions should not serve to attain the presumed goal by direct, non-communicative means.
Here Zuk reminds us that evolution is not progressing towards a goal (presumed to be people today), that every organism alive today is equally evolved as any other, and that genetic drift is another mechanism of evolution.
Some also end up stuck with nowhere to go when the insight or knowledge gained is presumed as the goal itself.
These latter goals — freeing humanity from "centralized" institutions, which all are seemingly painted with the same brush of tyranny — are presumed to be universal goals, when they really are primarily North American.
As he remarks about his colleagues, 'For some reason, the moment you posit a model, prediction - as in a crystal ball that can tell the future - is reflexively presumed to be your goal' [ 6].
In the year 2010, when women now earn 60% of college degrees, is it really still presumed that women's primary goal is marriage and family?
While having this goal, people are presumed to get engaged with the story and to identify themselves with the characters in the narrative [ 33].
In that sense, as the authors state themselves [ 1], a goal representing a presumed adequate relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption (for example, mixed venous oxygen saturation) would have been preferable.
But such terms presume a common goal of building peace and stability, whereas the U.S.'s "clear and focussed goal" in Afghanistan, as defined by President Obama has been "to disrupt, dismantle and defeat Al Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and to prevent their return to either country in the future".
