Identification of the PERR method emerged from these studies because the direct comparison of the database observational study and the randomised controlled trial provided a presumed correct answer against which to validate the database results.
I don't diminish the clinical nature of mental illness or presume an answer to psychosis.
It raises questions about contemporary politics and German history, which Richter doesn't presume to answer.
One might wonder whether Mr. Madoff actually qualified under that test, but the opinion does not discuss it and simply presumes the answer.
If you presume the answer is yes, that leads to specific questions about how to achieve such a transformation on the time scale they propose.
"How is one person's death in the twin towers more important than another person's death here in the hospital?" Mr. Grant would not presume to answer.
I wouldn't presume to answer any of these questions myself, but it is important that scientists and scientific organisations are able to consider their own answers, however varied.
It's a challenging, unconventional film that poses more questions -- about the documentarian's relationship to his subject, about the limitations of the cinema as an instrument of truth -- than it presumes to answer.
Unfortunately, this method presumes the answer to the research question itself.
We don't presume to answer that question, but we do think the 10% correction is occasion to take stock and reassess strategy.
But some of the questions also seem to presume certain answers.
