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Both SMG1 and UPF1 are presumably activated by UPF2, but this regulation is incompletely understood.
Nevertheless, the increased IGF-1 levels after 10 weeks of refeeding presumably activated the Akt pathway, which correspondingly decreased the expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, thus reducing rates of protein degradation and contributing to growth recovery.
G proteins are presumably activated through a cascade of conformational changes upon ligand binding to GPCRs.
Most two-component system histidine kinases are transmembrane proteins, presumably activated by extracellular signals via their N-terminal signal-sensing domains protruding from the cell surface [21].
The low-energy laser stimulation used in this study presumably activated non-nociceptive C fibres because the maximal increase of skin temperature was below the range of cutaneous C mechano-heat nociceptors [20], [21], [22].
Guanylyl cyclase blockers also caused depolarization and firing, indicating that the cGMP second messenger cascade, presumably activated by the tonic presence of NO, contributes to the B31/B32 resting potential.
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This interaction presumably activates Jvl microtubule binding activity, which then serves as a molecular brake to immobilize the complex on microtubules.
In conclusion, our study supports the finding that KIT mutations presumably activating the tyrosine kinase activity of c-KIT can be found in a subgroup of patients with mucosal melanomas irrespective of the origin of the primary tumour.
Amplification of CN and somatic mutation presumably activate the PI3K pathway, leading to AKT activation, and provide tumor cells with multiple tumor-specific characteristics such as apoptosis arrest and limitless replicative potential [ 13, 26].
All cells in the human body have a full set of genes, but as cells progress down different lineages, they presumably activate the particular suite of genes that tells them how to operate as a hair cell or kidney cell or whatever is appropriate to their neighborhood.
They presumably activate these transcriptional events through classical pathways involving canonical BMP receptors.
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