The polyethylene pressure pipe is loaded by internal pressure.
It begins with "power-steering thermal stress" that might cause "a chlorine release from the high-pressure pipe surface".
"If water is present the chlorine could create a corrosive chemical compound that might damage the external metallic protection of the high-pressure pipe".
During fracturing, high pressure pipe manifold can be easily damaged under the coupling effect of the internal high pressure and erosion.
Therefore, one has to be extremely cautious in interpreting the true value of the PENT test when developing polymers and pipes for high-performance pressure pipe applications.
The effect of the process variables such as injection rate, injection pressure, pipe diameter and heat insulation thickness were put into test for the sensitivity of the model.
Differential pressure pipe sticking as one of the common borehole instability mechanisms occurs when the overbalance pressure pushing drill string toward filter cake.
This study could contribute on providing database regarding the differential pressure pipe sticking tendency of various drilling fluids at elevated temperature.
With the increase of steel grade, transmission pressure, pipe diameter and design coefficient, however, ductile crack of line pipes becomes the dominant crack mode, so it is necessary to focus on crack arrest and control study.
Each day the proposed Keystone XL pipeline — to be built by Calgary-based TransCanada Corporation — would move 910,000 barrels of a slurry of bitumen, natural gas, and undisclosed chemicals through a 36-inch-diameter, high-pressure pipe, buried four feet underground.
The run-of-the-river scheme diverts water flow from the river mainstream to the intake via a pressure pipe or an open canal, which is then conveyed to the turbine via a penstock to generate electricity.
