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Prediction of degradation of the steel pressure armor or tensile armor layers or the aged condition of the internal pressure sheath or susceptibility of annulus environment to such degradation 7, 9. Several methods for managing the integrity of flexible pipes have been proposed in literature depending on the failure mode aimed [8 18].
For CE mode (CM) the same conditions (pressure, sheath flow, voltage) as in FM were applied.
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ESI was performed in negative mode (45 psig nebulizer pressure, 350 °C sheath gas temperature, 11 L/min sheath gas flow, 250 °C drying gas temperature, 12 L/min drying gas flow, 110 V fragmentor voltage, 60 V skimmer voltage, 3500 V capillary voltage).
However, for helium ions streaming through a low-pressure plasma sheath, the cross section is more closely approximated by the constant mean free path, p 1 = 0. Figure 6 shows the normalized kinetic energy of argon ions and compares the result with the results of Ref. [33] in which p 1 = p 2 = 0.
The ESI source parameters were as follows: gas temperature, 300°C; gas flow, 7 L/min; nebulizer gas pressure, 45 psi; sheath gas temperature, 350°C; sheath gas flow, 8 L/min; capillary voltage, 3.5 kV.
ESI source settings on Agilent 6530 instrument were as follows: gas temp, 250 °C; gas flow, 6 L/min; nebulizer pressure, 25 psi; sheath flow, 9 L/min; sheath temperature, 350 °C; fragmentor, 120 V; capillary, 2000 V; nozzle, 1500 V.
The optimal settings for the MS operated in the positive ion electrospray mode were as follows: gas temperature, 350°C; drying gas flow, 8 L/min; nebulizing gas pressure, 50 psi; sheath gas temperature, 400°C; sheath gas flow, 11 L/min; capillary voltage, 4000 V; nozzle voltage, 500 V.
Other analysis parameters were as follows: selected ion monitoring (SIM) ion mass, m/ z 341; fragmentor, 100 V; capillary voltage, 3500 V; gas temperature, 350 °C; gas flow, 10 L min 1; nebulizer pressure, 20 psi; sheath gas temperature, 400 °C; sheath gas flow, 12 L min 1.
Percutaneous access was achieved through the femoral artery and both femoral veins for monitoring of arterial pressures (9 F sheath), pulmonary artery pressures (831HF75P, Swan-Ganz 7.5 French, Edwards Life-sciences, Irvine, CA) and for the intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter respectively.
Sorting was performed on Aria, Calibur, Vantage SE (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) with the sheath pressure set at 20 lb per square inch pressure and low count rate.
Sorting was performed on Aria, Calibur, Vantage SE (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) with the sheath pressure set at 20 lb per square inch and low count rate.
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