This follow-up project in the Ha Giang province in North Vietnam focuses on the extension of existing high-pressure hydropower plants by a water supply system, which utilizes residual flows especially during the dry season.
The second water supply concept relinquishes the barrage for the benefit of a wooden penstock to gain the required pressure head for the hydropower-driven supply system.
In one Swiss prioritization project, catchments have been characterized based on their current ecological value and level of environmental pressure (not only from existing hydropower operations but also from infrastructure for flood control, wastewater treatment, etc).
For example, the diplomat explained, Exim Bank would apply "pressure to raise electricity tariffs to finance hydropower projects".
In competing with China, India may also move forward for an expansion of hydropower generation, which will ultimately impose pressure on the already scarce water resources.
This paper outlines progress on the development of micro-hydropower systems for energy recovery and pressure management in water distribution networks.
Population growth, deforestation, overgrazing, poaching, the wildlife trade, mining, pollution, and hydropower development have all contributed to the pressures on the fragile ecosystems in the region, the report says.
Public pressure and expectations regarding the environmental and social performance of hydropower tend to increase over time.
Small hydropower plants have been identified as one of the main pressure points in the sustainable development of Himalayan regions of India and neighboring countries.
The rich hydro resources and global pressures of greenhouse gas emission have promoted the rapid development of hydropower projects in China.
"Until now, unplanned agricultural expansion has been the greatest pressure on the environment, but new pressures are being exerted in response to rising demands for hydropower and mineral resources," the authors noted.
