PEER PRESSURE Fund-raising researchers sometimes call in their best-connected constituents, directors or staff members to talk a bit about who might be capable of giving (or giving a whole lot more).
Under regulatory pressure, funds are now offering refunds to some customers.
Hunt argues that, with the NHS budget already under huge pressure, funding levels can only be maintained if the British economy remains strong.
Community Chests developed sophisticated, high-pressure fund-raising methods that pushed the idea of giving as a civic duty (as opposed to a religious, ethnic, or fraternal one) incumbent upon all citizens and blurred the line between voluntary and compulsory contributions.
This echoes a clear steer from within government to concentrate pressured funds for training in areas of proven research excellence.
Unfortunately, the pressured funding climate and sometimes one-dimensional approach towards promotion in academia, has created an atmosphere that has made involvement in interdisciplinary research less desirable, particularly early in one's career.
Lee said the biggest funds had the money and clout to go straight to companies for information, while others could put pressure on fund managers to require greater disclosure.
There will be political pressure on fund managers with or without disclosure.
What he sees as political pressure to fund scheme such as Labour's Sure Start is also highlighted.
Inside the White House, the concern about deficits was matched by the pressure to fund major initiatives such as universal health care, energy independence, and expanded access to college.
Last year, finances were so tight that the NHS overspent its budget but public pressure to fund the health service generously remains strong.
