The management of genes conferring resistance to plant pathogens should make it possible to control epidemics (epidemiological perspective) and preserve resistance durability (evolutionary perspective).
Animal products from traditional breeds with strong local identity can fetch premium prices, as consumers perceive them as being of superior sensory or nutritional quality, or are attracted by the image of a particular region or tradition (Casabianca and Matassino, 2006); this process could help preserve resistance or adaptation traits that would otherwise be rapidly lost and difficult to rescue.
If resistant lines carry a fitness cost but are still allowed to evolve in the presence of the drug, natural selection will act to counterbalance the cost while preserving the resistance, and as such resistant mutants will acquire new mutations which compensate for the fitness decline.
Second, restoration of normal rates of growth in resistant strains is more often attributable to compensatory mutations at other loci, rather than to back-mutation, thus preserving the resistance trait in the bacterial population [6].
Finally, while Matrigel reproduced differential responsiveness of MPA-dependent and -independent breast cancer cells, it was not sufficient to preserve antiprogestin resistance of RU486-resistant tumors.
Although sensitivity to fluoroquinolones seemed to be preserved, strain resistance patterns continued to evolve with the circulation of isolates resistant to tetracyclines and ampicillin from 2007 2010.
Based on the heterogeneous nature of the γN phase revealed in 304L, an alternative view of its remarkable combination of properties such as large hardness, induced ferromagnetism and preserved corrosion resistance is considered.
TLR2-commensal signaling preserves transepithelial resistance, promotes goblet cell mucin secretion, and maintains homeostasis within IEC [8], [13], [14], [15].
This finding was further confirmed in experiments aimed at investigating whether, after denaturation, solubilized PrPSc could partially preserve its resistance to proteinase K. Indeed, after denaturation with 3 M GdnHCl, soluble PrP was fully susceptible to protease digestion (Fig. 4D).
From a pool of 75000 transformants for each block of three Cys, we identified multiple mutants that preserved drug resistance and yeast mating activity.
