Exact(4)
We observed both age differences in frontostriatal function related to reward learning and preserved responses to reward outcomes.
Stress hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are evolutionarily preserved responses that allow the host to survive during periods of severe stress [ 17].
To examine age differences in neural responses during reward learning (even in the face of preserved responses to reward outcomes), 39 healthy adults of varying ages (age range 22 85) completed a probabilistic-learning task while undergoing fMRI.
After exclusion of missed responses and responses that were too fast, 99.7% of the trials were kept, on average, over Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 (the lowest proportion of preserved responses was 99.5%; no fast responses needed to be excluded in Experiment 5).
Similar(56)
TLR2-deficient (Jackson laboratories; Bar Harbor, ME) and C57BL/6 WT (Taconic; Hudson, NY) female mice were confirmed by genotype (PCR) and phenotype (impaired peritoneal macrophage response to FSL-1 with preserved response to LPS) and matched for age.
The greater vessel diameter in response to increasing pressure in vessels from Apoe−/−/ILR1−/−, together with no observed difference in sensitivity to PE between groups or in vascular smooth muscle constriction for the given degree of muscle shortening (wall: lumen ratio), as well as the preserved response to SNP, all suggest a specific endothelial response.
The 3xK mutant showed essentially no response to both GSMs but a preserved response to the iGSM.
Similar to healthy volunteers, patients with SIRS appeared to display a preserved response to LPS (Fig. 4 A).
The G625K mutant shows a dramatically weakened response to GSM-1, no response to Cmpd2, and a preserved response to fenofibrate.
As indicated by a preserved response of the rings to the NO donor DEA/NO (Fig. 1B) and adequate contraction to K+ and to a thromboxane receptor agonist (see Fig. 5 below), impaired relaxation to ACh did not involve dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Using a distinct Phox2b::Cre line to delete Atoh1 in Phox2b lineage cells, Huang et al. reported a slowed down basal respiratory rhythm, a hallmark of RTN impairment (Dubreuil et al., 2009; Ramanantsoa et al., 2011), but a fully preserved response to acidification in brainstem-spinal cord preparations at late gestation.
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