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As clusters of functionally linked genes may include nonhomologous members, the OBP gene organization may be preserved by functional constraints imposed from neighboring genes.
These data suggest that, in the evolution of ray-finned fishes, some duplicate Hox genes have been preserved by functional differentiation through the action of positive Darwinian selection immediately following the gene duplication.
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Human ultraconserved elements (UCEs), for example, are longer than 200 bp with 100% identity with other mammals and they are more highly conserved than coding regions (Katzman et al. 2007), suggesting an important functional role preserved by stabilizing selection.
It is therefore unlikely that the CRE was functional, and hence preserved by purifying selection, from the time of ERV insertion.
The main premise in these approaches is that binding sites for a transcription factor, if functional, will tend to be preserved by evolution.
Our results strengthen the view that functional tissue needs to be preserved by more selective and restricted surgical approaches with the ultimate goal of achieving maximum seizure control at a minimum of cognitive costs.
The morphological-functional alterations described above were abrogated when normal EELV was preserved by application of moderate levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); however, this persisted only while the restored normal EELV was maintained.
Moreover, using multiple-gene knockout data, we find that functional compensation by duplicate genes for a more severe phenotypic effect tends to be preserved by natural selection for a longer time than that for a less severe effect.
The discrete energy functional for the system is examined to show that the energy law at the discrete level is preserved by our scheme.
This functional hepatocyte heterogeneity can be studied in isolated perfused rat liver, in which the structural organization is preserved, by the retrograde antegrade perfusion technique (Häussinger 1983).
Fort Bourke is preserved by the Royal Australian Historical Society.
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