Different methods of image presentation, such as presenting faces for longer or without the intervening mask, may yield lower thresholds.
According to the BC account, simultaneously presented faces compete for representation.
Interestingly, the prefrontal cortex activity appears before 130 ms for peripherally presented faces but only after 210 ms for centrally presented faces, suggesting facilitation for attracting visual attention by peripheral apparition of danger.
Experiment 3 utilized a single design in which some subjects received sequential presentations and others received simultaneous presentations of within-pair faces, and again it was shown that proximity effects occur only for simultaneously presented faces.
The presence of an exposure duration effect for centrally presented faces casts doubt on the necessity of the eye movement in this decision making process and has implications for decision theories that place an emphasis on the role of eye movements in decision making.
Our results show ACC activation only for peripherally presented faces, when the emotional information was outside the usual attentional field.
During the 80 130 ms time window, a significant difference between fear and neutral face related activities was revealed in the right precuneus for peripherally presented faces only.
For centrally presented faces, the emotions were separated first in the right STS (35 48 ms), followed by the right amygdala (57 64 ms) and MPFC (83 96 ms).
For centrally presented faces, the emotions were separated fast, first in the right superior temporal sulcus (STS; 35 48 ms), followed by the right amygdala (57 64 ms) and medial pre-frontal cortex (83 96 ms).
The left-sided activity, between 80 and 130 ms for centrally presented faces, is limited to the inferior temporal region, confirming its role in a slower cortical visual analysis.
