The paper is devoted to the presentation of validation cases carried out for the models describing the corium behaviour in the "lower plenum" of the reactor vessel implemented in the V2.0 version of the ASTEC integral code, jointly developed by IRSN (France) and GRS (Germany).
The main purpose of this article is a presentation of software validation for a calculation of heat transfer in buildings.
Altogether, the presentation of target validation studies should meet defined criteria similar to those used in human trials.
We identified consecutive patients admitted to our regional cardiac center (Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK), with plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations ≥50 ng/L irrespective of clinical presentation during the validation and implementation of a contemporary sensitive troponin assay.
For example, the History, ECG, Age, Risk Factors and Troponin (HEART) score, 23 may enable safe early discharge after a single troponin at presentation but requires validation with hs-cTn, and the Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (MACS) decision rule, 24 has demonstrated excellent discriminatory power but requires the use of heart-type fatty acid binding protein in addition to hs-cTn.
What will validation validate?
Although we present here validation against a relatively small population with community-acquired pneumonia, further validation using wider patient sets (including SARS, sepsis and unselected ED presentations) is ongoing.
These include description of relevant patient characteristics (Table 1), no presentation of cross-validation statistics as the only performance metrics and the ability to apply the signature to other data for future comparisons and other non-clinical uses (http://www.ChipDX.com).
In this paper, such a methodological support is proposed by introducing principles for the design, validation and presentation of process models and associated data models.
Steps include preliminary considerations such as dealing with missing values; coding of predictors; selection of main effects and interactions for a multivariable model; estimation of model parameters with shrinkage methods and incorporation of external data; evaluation of performance and usefulness; internal validation; and presentation formatting.
Data analysis will consist of data reduction, results presentation, and development and validation of interpretations.
