The approximate reliability of over- or under- representation was evaluated by graphical presentation of standard errors based on 100 bootstraps of the input set.
Second, repeated presentation of the standard (presented on each trial in the temporal generalization task only) could have reduced temporal variability, leading to a sharpened representation and a more efficient encoding of the target duration in reference memory [51].
A similarly exhaustive and exhausting display is Ecke Bonk's presentation of the standard German dictionary, which was begun by the Brothers Grimm (who hailed from Kassel) in 1838, but only finished by researchers in 1960.
Each trial started with the presentation of the standard tone followed, after a brief blank interval (1000 ms) by the comparison tone.
(2) Suppression of SOMs leads to increased putative excitatory neuron activity only during the spontaneous firing or the presentation of the standard, but not for the deviant.
SOMs make synapses onto PVs (Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Ma et al., 2012; Cottam et al., 2013), thereby potentially suppressing them with repeated presentation of the standard.
Hence, the MMN may depend on a memory trace formed by preceding stimuli; i.e., during the presentation of the standard events.
Our data indicate dual effects of cortical inhibition on SSA: (1) PVs contribute to SSA by providing a constant level of inhibition, resulting in a relatively higher inhibitory drive during the presentation of the standard, as compared to the deviant.
Thereafter, there is distance training, based on the intervention manual, educational movies and a presentation of the standard course, which is available on the project's website (accessible only with a user-ID and password).
This series of findings expands on the 'adaptation in narrowly tuned units' model, which proposes that repeated presentation of the standard stimulus drives adaptation within more narrowly tuned inputs, such as thalamocortical inputs (Mill et al., 2011; Taaseh et al., 2011; Nelken, 2014).
