23 The presentation of items was registered as 'yes' (present in the database), 'partially' (partially present in the database) and 'no' (not present in the database).
Observing the presentation of items ranging from late Roman gravestones to an 11th-century incense burner (pictured at top) and Italo-Cretan religious art, they will note an emphasis on certain other "continuities" which implicitly downgrade Byzantium.
The wording, order, and presentation of items in the questionnaire were developed with input and review from scientists at the Cascade Volcano Observatory (United States Geological Survey) and GNS Science (New Zealand's Geological Survey) as well as emergency management officials with the Washington State Emergency Management Division and Skagit County Department of Emergency Management.
The presentation of items was streamed, so that items from different categories were mixed, but the data recording and branching were done within each category.
FMRI studies in healthy subjects showed that presentation of items predicting a reward induces an increased BOLD response in the hippocampus and is associated with enhanced memory for those items [12].
One strategy that was often employed to exclude the use of continuous extent in studies with infants and monkeys is the sequential presentation of items within each set, so that subjects cannot have a global view of the entire contents of the sets [19], [40], [41].
The incremental presentation of items ensured that the scene construction process was 'slowed-down' into distinct steps which could then be individually interrogated.
Low Kappa values could be explained by suboptimal presentation of the questions in the self-administered questionnaire, and consequently, introductory statements, wording of these questions and graphical presentation of items were improved.
In contrast, aural presentation of items may cause respondents to devote more effort to processing later response options (which remain in short-term memory after an interviewer pauses) - leading to recency effects in satisficing respondents [ 18].
The following quotes from the article set the scene for this review: 'Computerized batteries offer a number of advantages over paper-and-pencil type tests, notably precise, accurate assessments that can be obtained with millisecond timing, ease of administration (sometimes with no administrator needed) and scoring, greater standardization, and adaptive presentation of items'.
