Each trial started with a 100-ms presentation of a visual response precue (S1) at fixation.
After each stimulus presentation (which lasted 2 s) participants were reminded of the possible responses (sad, happy, surprise) by presentation of a 4 s response screen followed by a 10 s ISI (Inter Stimulus Interval) which consisted of a black screen with a fixation cross at its centre.
On multivariate analysis, only CRP levels at presentation were predictive of a response to treatment (p = 0.024).
Hereby, upon repeated presentation of a stimulus, the response of the neuron is not perfectly reproducible but exhibits trial-to-trial variability.
ERPs are voltage topographies and fluctuations recorded on the scalp which reflect neural activation to an event such as the presentation of a stimulus or a response.
In its original sense, a stimulus such as food is a reinforcer only if its presentation increases the frequency of a response in a type of associative conditioning known as operant conditioning.
In our view, the best measure of a system's timing precision is the interval between the timestamp of a stimulus' presentation and the timestamp of a response, given the fastest possible responder that is not directly part of the system itself.
Procedurally, reinforcement refers to the presentation of a rewarding event following a response, which results in the phenomenon of an increased probability of that action re-occurring.
We investigate this matter using a procedure often called the response signal procedure, in which participants are required to respond within a very brief time (250 msec) after the presentation of a "go" cue or response signal.
In radical behavioural analysis, Skinner (1936) developed an assessment tool based on the theoretical assumption that the presentation of a stimulus tends to elicit a response that is similar to it.
