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Nishikawa [16], [17] postulated that expression of type III necrosis is under the control of the Ne1 and Ne2 tetraploid wheat genes and the Ne3 Ae. tauschii gene, but in the present wheat gene nomenclature the Ne2 and Ne3 genes have respectively been revised to the Ch1 and Ch2 hybrid chlorosis genes assigned to chromosomes 2A and 3D in common wheat, respectively [39], [40].
However, present wheat production is far from the expected increased global demand in the near future [ 1, 2].
The present wheat varieties require improvement in processing quality to meet the increasing demand of better quality food products.
To properly infer the evolutionary processes that led to this host range expansion, powdery mildew populations both from the present (wheat) and new hosts (triticale) were sampled.
In addition, cattle or human activities could also promote long-distance seed dispersal (van Slageren 1994), which could explain the presence of introgressed individuals in populations remotely connected to present wheat cultivation (e.g. the SP15 or the IT8 populations).
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In the present study, wheat straw was used as the starter material for the stratified bed.
The acid hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides present in wheat straw and corn cob was carried out using 72%H2SO44 for breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass into different sugar fractions.
Chemicals present in wheat straw hydrolysates, mainly furfural and HMF, have also been reported to enhance butanol productivity when using C. beijerinckii P260 [ 6].
In the present study wheat straw was pretreated with dilute H2SO4 and ammonia prior to enzymatic hydrolysis in separate set of experiments, according to protocols described by different authors in order to obtain more sugar contents available for H2 production [ 13, 17, 18].
To quantify the CD epitopes and their natural variants present in wheat varieties and accessions, and to investigate the possibility to select wheat varieties with a reduced CD immunogenic potential, a high throughput 454 sequence analysis pipeline was developed here to analyse the epitope-containing region in alpha-gliadin genes of tetraploid durum wheat.
Heavily present in wheat, rye and barley, gluten – a type of protein – has become a standard presence in our diet.
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