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We used a random effects model which merges the studies and provides an assessment of more conservative treatment effect when heterogeneity is present or suspected.
These analyses found that shorter time to update was associated with the cardiovascular content area (i.e., indicating a quickly evolving clinical area) and heterogeneity being present or suspected in the review (i.e., indicating a motivation to examine unstable results).
In addition, aggregating published results may not be desirable if publication bias is present or suspected.
When delirium was present or suspected, a geriatrician was consulted and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the DSM-IV criteria.
Septic shock was defined as cardiovascular SOFA score 4, and acute kidney injury was defined as renal SOFA score 3 or 4. Severe sepsis was defined as community-acquired if the infection was present or suspected at hospital admission or less than 48 hours thereafter and was defined as nosocomial if the infection was diagnosed at least 48 hours after hospital admission.
Exclusion criteria were: age < 18 years, pronounced cardiac dysfunction (that is, cardiac index (CI) ≤ 2.2 L/minuthem2 in the presence of PAOP > 18 mmHg), severe liver dysfunction, significant valvular heart disease, present coronary artery disease, pregnancy, present or suspected acute mesenteric ischemia or vasospastic diathesis (for example, Raynaud's syndrome or related diseases).
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This is partly related to the fact that in our institution sonographers have a high expertise, thus cytological examinations are reserved only to patients presenting doubtful or suspected ultrasound findings; secondly to the fact that many patients who performed a PET/CT scan in our hospital were followed-up in other institutions.
If an ADR is present or even suspected, a copy of the form is made.
Where gastroesophageal reflux was present or achalasia suspected, a barium swallow was completed (total of two participants) and the radiology reports indicated normal esophageal peristalsis.
The study was designed to enroll patients presenting with chest pain or suspected to have clinical myocardial ischemia.
Coronary angiography is indicated in patients presenting with HF and known or suspected coronary artery disease, except for those ineligible for revascularization therapy.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com