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rf is a policy dummy variable indicating the presence of reference pricing.
Some of the automated quality assessment (QA) algorithms for still images as proposed by the authors rely on the presence of reference targets within every digitized image file.
IQA can be divided into full-reference (FR), reduced-reference (RR), and no-reference (NR) assessments [12] based on the presence of reference images.
The presence of reference material in the reading room helps to reduce reliance on the vagaries of human memory and overcome memory lapses and memory biases that we are all so prone to.
On the other hand, the fast production of collections from parallel efforts makes the update of novel release hard, though the presence of reference databases, favoring the flourishing of community specific collections, often misaligned with reference ones, affecting also the quality of the results.
Therefore the study of these hybrids ideally requires the presence of reference sequences for both genomes.
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In the presence of reference-dependent preferences, Learnfare provides uniquely powerful financial incentives for student performance.
Methods: characteristics, including country of origin, authorship, length, and presence of references were recorded.
Also, the number of papers that were retrieved from the keyword-based search can be verified from the presence of references based on the keywords.
Because this treatment of data puts excessive emphasis on the reference sequence, giving the presence of the reference nucleotide at each investigated position the "benefit of doubt", we called this treatment of data benefit-of-doubt (BOD) scoring.
We used SAMtools (version 0.1.18) [ 34] and the intersection to the initial GATK variants was further filtered for SNP quality (≥ 50); low and excessive read coverage (50 ≤ DP < 3000); presence of the reference allele; and homozygous non-reference calls in at least two of the 30 lines.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com