The unique ability of carbon atoms to form the valence states of different hybridizations of atomic orbitals creates prerequisites for studying of the technological conditions of their receipt through carbonization of the starting materials and the following chemical activation.
Genotyping studies on only cancer cases or exclusively on healthy subjects were excluded as comparison of cancer patients with matched controls was a prerequisite for studying association of a particular genotype with cancer risk (Nowell et al, 2002b, 2005; Magagnotti et al, 2003; Sparks et al, 2004; Shatalova et al, 2005; Grabinski et al, 2006).
Agreeing to post-test counseling and the return of test results is often a prerequisite of study participation in health facility-based studies.
Bias is larger when post-test counseling and the return of HIV test results is a prerequisite of study participation (compared to a protocol where test results are not returned to study participants, or, where there is an explicit provision for respondents to forego post-test counseling).
Students needing calculus in their first year at university a prerequisite for studying any of the major STEM disciplines will therefore have to take extra courses in mathematics beforehand.
Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of multicellular animals (the Metazoa) is a prerequisite for studying the evolution of complex traits such as nervous systems, muscle tissue, or sensory organs.
In particular, integration in the genome, which allows for the stable expression of a transgene, is often a prerequisite for studying the biological function of a gene.
The chapter introduces concepts, definitions, and reviews in a nutshell the prerequisite for studying the methods of financial engineering.
These are ecotypes with potential for plastid transformation, a prerequisite to studying the interaction of plastid and nuclear genes and engineering the photosynthetic machinery.
Genetic linkage maps are an essential prerequisite for studying the inheritance of both qualitative and quantitative traits, to develop markers for molecular breeding, for map-based gene cloning and for comparative genomic studies.
