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The data extraction, data cleaning, data integration, data transformation, and data reduction operators can be regarded as the preprocessing processes of data analysis [20] which attempts to extract useful data from the raw data (also called the primary data) and refine them so that they can be used by the following data analyses.
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Section 2 presents preprocessing process.
The investigated diseases genes are collected, preprocessed, processed, mined and optimized using R.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) represents the scientific alternative to preprocess, process and post-process the fluid flow inside stirred tanks.
Similarly, denoising step also leads to a one-way result in the whole preprocessing process.
Data preprocessing Two processes are executed in this step: (1) Noise removal: This involves discarding 3D points with low confidence values (lower than 0.8 note that the range of confidence values is [0-1] [33]) as well as those that lie beyond a 2 m range (according to the recommendation discussed in the "Design recommendations" section).
34 Briefly, we used a three step process: preprocessing, including registration, removal of non-brain tissue, and correction for bias field; detection of white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted images, including removal of false positives; and post-processing, including the generation of probability maps for white matter hyperintensities and details.
All spectra were processed using the same preprocessing procedure to ensure overall consistency.
A careful preprocessing procedure can significantly improve the performance of the recognition process.
The outcomes of preprocessing stage are two processed images containing co-scaled translated masses.
As Plamondon and Lorette have stated that the design of a signature verification system generally requires the solution of five types of problems: data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, comparison process, and performance evaluation.
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