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Each test panel contained drawing lines in different materials on a preparatory ground layer made from chalk and animal skin glue.
Hence, the difference in reflectance between the underdrawing lines and the preparatory ground is necessary to produce enough contrast in an infrared reflectogram to render the underdrawing visible.
The contrast between the underdrawing and the preparatory ground layer was calculated by measuring the reflectance of the paint in a region with and without a lamp black underdrawing line.
Both the lower absorption and the lower amount of light scattering by the pigment particles means more incident light is transmitted through the paint layer and can reach the preparatory ground layer or underdrawing.
Cleaning tests were carried out on a 2 caseinsein layer on oil painting specimens laid on linen canvas: i) a preparatory ground (CaCO3/ linseed oil/ochre pigment); ii) a first paint layer (linseed oil/dark green pigment); iii) a second paint layer (casein medium binder/yellow ochre), on which the enzymes act.
The first stage; Preparatory Ground Work includes building awareness amongst strategic stakeholders in the health facility and community, obtaining permission from local authorities and leaders and logistics planning.
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This is certainly true but to determine where degradation has occurred other materials (such as base and preparatory layers, grounds and varnishes) used in painted banners must also be identified.
b P5 preparatory layer preventing ground layer seeping into the silk.
The ground preparatory layer consisted of red mud reinforced by straw applied to the chiseled sandstone support.
He has also seen that the role of an England captain runs much deeper than in Italy, where players are taught to deal with big-game pressure by their clubs' policy of regularly taking them from their homes for preparatory work – and psychological grounding.
He won all three of the major preparatory races at the Fair Grounds, the first horse ever to do so.
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