Examples are given to show how increasing sample size reduces sampling error; increasing the fineness of grind and using larger subsamples reduces sample preparation error, and increasing the number of aliquots analyzed and using improved technology (HPLC versus TLC) decreases analytical error.
Wrong dose errors, wrong dosage-form errors, wrong drug-preparation errors, and wrong administration technique errors were rare (n = 8 for each type, 1.9%).
By contrast, model-based accounts take scale construction to be merely one of several tasks involved in measurement, alongside the definition of measured parameters, instrument design and calibration, object sampling and preparation, error detection and uncertainty evaluation, among others (2010: 145 7).
Since sample preparation errors are often subtle and not easily diagnosed the proper application of these techniques is critical.
Liquid-based, thin-layer cytology reduces sampling and preparation errors of the conventional smear.
Other outcomes may differ between the three products, such as the risks of complications related to preparation errors, needle stick injuries and wastage.
The results of the project in general demonstrate that sampling and sample preparation errors reach about the same order of magnitude as errors caused in the chemical analysis.
Preparation errors were detected during the preparation by the double checked of the fabrication process and by self-reported by pharmacy technicians, or at the time of final pharmaceutical control.
Common errors during PTG that affect the image quality include the following: (1) patient preparation errors such as failure to remove metallic detachable items in the area of the head and neck or inappropriate use of a thyroid shield during the exposure; (2) errors in selecting the correct exposure factors; (3) high sensitivity to positioning error.
Two histological specimens were lost from the study because of preparation errors (Table 1).
