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For catheter placement and surgical preparation, animals were placed in supine position.
After surgical preparation, animals were transferred to a surgical table equipped with a heat source.
For each bacterial preparation, animals from all time points were included.
After preparation, animals were allowed to stabilize for 15 minutes (baseline, volume-controlled mode).
After preparation, animals were randomly assigned to three groups using the sealed envelope method.
Prior to the beginning of further surgical preparation, animals randomized to Group 1 (TEA) were positioned on the right side and a thoracic epidural catheter was introduced between Th 7 and Th 8 under sterile conditions and radiographic control.
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CBL contributed to study design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript preparation, animal management, and animal surgery.
JEK, YJL, MHK, JK and DYH participated in the design of the study, sample preparation, animal experiments and data analyses.
For slice preparations animals were deeply anaesthetized with isoflurane and then killed by decapitation.
DM assisted in animal preparation and animal experiments.
During preparation period, animals received 25 mL/kg 0.9% NaCl to prevent hypovolemia.
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