Liquor stores may sell beer and wine during any hours that on-premises sales are allowed.
A 1-hour change in closing hours for on-premise sales was accompanied by an approximately 20% change in violent crime rates at weekend nights in city centres.
The national 'normal closing hours' for on-premise sales are 12 midnight for spirits and 1 a.m. for beer/wine, and the 'maximum closing hours' are 3 a.m. for all types of alcoholic beverages.
Over the past decade many Norwegian municipalities have changed extended or restricted the closing hours for on-premise sales, but the changes have been relatively minor, typically less than 2 hours.
Concerning control of the use of alcohol, Tanzania's alcohol policy includes excise taxes on alcohol, a minimum drinking age of 18, a zero tolerance policy for drinking and driving, regulations on alcohol advertising and sponsorships, and restrictions for on- and off-premise sales of alcoholic beverages (26).
The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to assess whether small changes (≤ 2 hours) in closing hours for on-premise sales have any significance for violent crime, and (ii) if so, whether the association is symmetrical (i.e. whether the association between changes in closing hours and violence is of the same magnitude when closing hours are restricted compared to extended).
Representatives of the grocery store chain originally sought a conditional use permit in October 2014 that would allow for on-premises sale of wine and craft beers within a bona fide restaurant operating inside the store.
Some national policies try to impact on alcohol consumption, such as the national legal minimum age of 18 for on-premise sale of alcoholic beverages, legally binding regulations on alcohol advertising and a national maximum legal blood alcohol concentration when driving a vehicle [ 4].
Mr. Sobel, 25, is an off-premises sales manager for the North American unit of Diageo, the British wine and spirits company.
In Norway, trading hours (for both on-premise and off-premise alcohol sales) are decided at the municipality level, yet within national maximum trading hours.
We obtained the addresses and postcodes of outlets licensed to sell alcohol on site, such as a restaurant or bar ('on-sales' n = 11,359) and for those licensed to sell alcohol for consumption off the premises ('off-sales' n = 4,800) in 2012 from individual local Liquor Licensing Boards (n = 36).
