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However, since the 1990s, the incidence of dengue has surged despite the low premises index.
This hypothesis is supported by the lower premises index in residences than nonresidences in 1997.
In contrast, the premises index in 1966 was highest in residences: slum housing (27.2%), shophouses (16.4%), and apartments (5.0%) (9 ).
The premises index since then has been ≈2%; achieving an index of zero has been difficult since natural breeding habitats are created as quickly as they are eliminated (14 ).
In a pilot project, this approach reduced the A. aegypti population in a 3-month period from 16% to 2%, as measured by the premises index, which is the percentage of inspected premises found to have containers with A. aegypti larvae or pupae (13 ).
Similar(54)
Residential properties in 1997 had low premises indexes; 2.1% in landed premises and 0.6% in apartments compared to indexes in schools (27.0%), construction sites (8.3%), factories (7.8%), and vacant properties (14.6%) (20 ).
CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, but FSA has Ae. aegypti only, and the Premise Index was 1.1% on January 2014 (6 ).
This has led to a population with low herd immunity, which explains its vulnerability to outbreaks despite a low Aedes premise index of < 1%.
8 In the late 1980s, Singapore experienced a resurgence of dengue cases despite the low Aedes premise index of around 1. 9 Incidence rate rose from 16.7 cases per 100,000 population in 1987 to 322.5 in the 2005 epidemic.
These findings indicate that high-risk households could be identified and targeted using a combination of census data and a locally adapted rapid survey of housing conditions, similar to the Premise Condition Index, an aggregate index measuring house condition, patio condition, and patio shade, which has been validated in other countries [ 63, 64].
Epidemiologic investigations conducted on poultry farms surrounding the index premises, including 6 farms located within the 3-km surveillance zone, showed no evidence of avian influenza virus infection.
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